Capital budgets typically include items that are expected to last how long?

Capital budgets are designed to plan for investments in long-term assets that are expected to provide benefits over an extended period. Typically, items included in a capital budget are expected to last three years or longer. This is because such investments, such as buildings, fire trucks, equipment, and major renovations, require substantial financial commitment and are intended to serve the organization over multiple fiscal periods.

In contrast, expenditures that are expected to last for one year or less are usually classified as operational expenses and managed through the operating budget. The distinction is made to ensure that financial planning aligns with the lifespan and expected usage of the asset, allowing fire departments to allocate resources effectively for both immediate needs and long-term strategic goals.

Therefore, the definition and framework of capital budgeting inherently support the inclusion of items with a lifespan of three years or longer.